Alma Telescope - To The Point | Drishti Ias English

Introduction

Welcome, dear readers, to another captivating journey into the depths of scientific exploration. Today, we delve into the fascinating world of the Alma Telescope. But first, let us uncover why this technological marvel has been making waves in the news.

Alma Telescope: Unveiling the Upgrades

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, affectionately known as Alma, has recently been the talk of the town due to its upcoming software and hardware upgrades. This state-of-the-art radio telescope, consisting of 66 antennas, is designed to study celestial objects at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Its unique capabilities allow astronomers to peer through dust clouds, unraveling the mysteries of distant galaxies and stars.

A Symphony of Sensitivity

What sets Alma apart is its extraordinary sensitivity, enabling it to detect even the faintest of radio signals. Since its full functionality was achieved in 2013, Alma has played a pivotal role in groundbreaking discoveries. From unveiling the secrets of starburst galaxies to capturing detailed images of protoplanetary discs, this remarkable telescope has expanded our understanding of the cosmos.

A Global Collaboration

Alma's creation was a collaborative effort between the U.S. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, and the European Southern Observatory. Operating under a partnership among 16 countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, and several European nations, Alma represents the epitome of international scientific cooperation.

The Perfect Oasis: Atacama Desert

Now, let us journey to the breathtaking Atacama Desert in Chile, where Alma stands tall amidst the arid landscape. Perched at an altitude of 16,570 feet (5,050 meters) on the Chajnantor Plateau, Alma's location holds a key significance. The millimeter and submillimeter waves it observes are highly susceptible to atmospheric water vapor absorption. By situating Alma in the Atacama Desert, astronomers can take advantage of the region's exceptionally dry climate, ensuring clear nights devoid of cloud cover and light-distorting moisture. This pristine environment provides an ideal backdrop for unraveling the mysteries of the universe.

Unveiling the Universe: Alma's Recent Discoveries

Let us now turn our attention to some of the recent awe-inspiring findings made possible by Alma. In 2013, Alma's keen eye uncovered starburst galaxies and shed light on the formation of dust inside Supernova 1987a. The telescope's detailed images of the protoplanetary discs surrounding the young star HL Tauri, located approximately 450 light years from Earth in the constellation Taurus, left scientists in awe.

In 2015, Alma played a crucial role in observing a phenomenon known as the Einstein ring. This mesmerizing occurrence takes place when light from a galaxy or star passes by a massive object and bends towards Earth, creating a captivating visual spectacle. Furthermore, Alma made history by capturing the first-ever image of the supermassive black hole residing at the center of our very own Milky Way galaxy. This groundbreaking image, unveiled by scientists in May 2022, opened new doors to understanding the enigmatic nature of these cosmic behemoths.

Test Your Knowledge

Before we conclude our journey, let us put your newfound knowledge to the test. Consider the following statements regarding the Alma Telescope:

1. Alma is situated on the Chajnantor Plateau in Chile's Atacama Desert.
2. It is a state-of-the-art radio telescope comprising 66 antennas.

Which of the above statements is or are correct? Is it statement one, statement two, both statements, or neither? Share your answer in the comment section below and stay tuned for the next episode of scientific exploration.

Conclusion

As we bid farewell to this captivating exploration of the Alma Telescope, we express our gratitude for joining us on this cosmic adventure. Remember, the universe is a vast tapestry of wonders waiting to be unraveled, and Alma continues to be at the forefront of unraveling its secrets. Until next time, keep your eyes on the stars and your curiosity aflame.

Thank you, dear viewers, for your unwavering support. And for our Hindi-speaking audience, don't forget to check out this topic on our Hindi YouTube channel.